How current societies engage in civic life (society organizations) - Free Essay Example

Civic engagement in accordance with the American Psychological Association is individual as well as communal actions premeditated to recognize and address issues of community concern. It might be described as citizens working jointly to make an amendment or difference within the community. Civic engagement embraces communities functioning jointly in both political and non-political events. The objective of civic engagement is to deal with community concerns and support the superiority of the community. Sociologists build up theories to enlighten social occurrences. A theory is an anticipated relationship involving two or more perceptions. In other terms, a theory is clarification for why or how an event occurs. An instance of a sociological theory is the effort of Robert Putnam on the reject of civic engagement. Putnam established that Americans participation in civic life (e.g., community organizations) has turned down over the preceding 40 to 60 years (Lichterman Potts, 2009). Despite the fact that there are an amount of factors that donate to this decline (Putnams theory is fairly complex), one of the well-known factors is the amplified utilization of television as a form amusement. Putnams theory proposes. This aspect of Putnams theory clearly demonstrates the essential purpose of sociological theory: it recommends a relationship linking two or further concepts. I n these circumstances, the concepts involve civic engagement as well as television watching.  The link is an inverse one as one goes up, the other goes down. Whats more, it is an explanation of one phenomenon with another: element of the explanation why civic engagement has turned down over the last numerous decades is for the reason that people are gazing at more television. Putnams theory obviously includes the key basics of a sociological theory. The Functionalist Perspective The Functionalist Perspective is a sociological theory which initially attempted to clarify social institutions as communal means to meet individual natural needs. Later it emerged to spotlight on the ways social establishment meet social requirements. Functionalist Perspective draws its motivation mainly from the opinions of Emile Durkheim. Durkheim was alarmed with the issue of how societies sustain internal permanence and endure over time. He wanted to explain social consistency and stability in the course of the concept of unity. In more prehistoric societies it was involuntary solidarity, everybody performing comparable tasks, which held society together. Durkheim anticipated that such societies have a tendency to be segmentary, being self-possessed of equivalent parts that are held mutually by shared values, ordinary symbols, or systems of interactions. In current, complex societies associates perform very dissimilar tasks, resultant in a well-built interdependence involving individuals (Elolia Adogame, 2012). Anchored in the symbol of an organism where many parts operate together to maintain the whole, Durkheim disputed that modern multifaceted societies are held mutually by organic unity (consider interdependent organs). The innermost concern of Functionalist Perspective is a persistence of the Durkheimian mission of explaining the noticeable stability and interior cohesion of culture that are essential to make sure their sustained survival over time. A lot of functionalists dispute that social societies are functionally incorporated to form a steady organization and that a transform in one organization will swift a change in other organizations. Societies are observed as logical, bounded and basically relational erect that task as organisms, with a variety of parts (social organizations) working mutually to sustain and replicate them. The different parts of society are implicit to work in an insensible, quasi-automatic manner towards the preservati on of the largely social stability. All social as well as cultural phenomena are thus observed as being functional within the sense of working jointly to attain this status and are efficiently considered to have an existence of their own. These mechanisms are subsequently primarily examined in provisions of the task they play. Durkheims strongly Functionalist Perspective of society was sustained by Radcliffe-Brown. Subsequently, Auguste Comte, Radcliffe-Brown assumed that the communal constituted a disconnect level of actuality distinctive from both the natural and the lifeless. Clarification of social phenomena thus had to be constructed in this social level, with people simply being transient inhabitant of moderately stable social responsibility (Elolia Adogame, 2012). As a result, in structural-functionalist consideration, people are not important in and of themselves although only in conditions of their? social position: their situation in patterns of social relationships. The social organization is thus a network of statuses linked by associated responsibilities. The Functionalist Perspective, originate from the thoughts of Karl Marx, who alleged society is a self-motivated entity continually undergoing alteration driven as a result of class conflict. Although functionalism recognizes society as a multifaceted system striving for stability, the conflict perspective on the other hand analysis social existence as competition. In accordance with the Functionalist Perspective, culture is fabricated of individuals contending for restricted resources (such as money, leisure, sexual associates, etc.). Competition over limited resources is at the compassion of all social relations. Competition, moderately than consensus, is feature of human associations. Broader social makeup and organizations (such as religions, government) replicate the competition for assets and the intrinsic inequality opposition entails; a number of people and associations have extra res ources (e.g. power and authority), and apply those assets to maintain their point of authority in society. For instance, Functionalist Perspective theorists may civic life movements as a result of studying how activists disputed the racially uneven distribution of biased power and financial resources. As within this example, conflict theorists normally see social modify as unexpected, even radical, moderately than incremental. Within the conflict perspective, modify comes about in the course of conflict involving competing interests, not agreement or version. Conflict theory, thus, gives sociologists an outline for explaining social change, thus addressing one of the tribulations with the functionalist standpoint. Functionalist Perspective is a hypothetical advance to accepting the connection linking humans and society. The fundamental notion of symbolic interactionism is that individual action and relations are comprehensible simply through the substitute of significant communic ation or symbols. Within this approach, humans are depicted as acting, as divergent to being performed upon. The main beliefs of symbolic interactionism are: Individuals act toward issues on the basis of the implications that issues have for them. As a result, these implications happen out of social relations. This perspective is as well based on phenomenological idea (Elolia Adogame, 2012). In accordance with symbolic interactionism, the aim world has no actuality for humans; simply personally defined objects have implication. There is no particular objective actuality; there are simply (possibly numerous, possibly contradictory)? understanding? of a situation. Implications are not things that are granted on humans and cultured by training; as an alternative, meanings can be changed through the imaginative capabilities of individuals, and those might manipulate the many meanings that outline their society. Individual society, thus, is a social invention. References Top of Form Lichterman, P., Potts, C. B. (2009).? The civic life of American religion. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. Top of Form Elolia, S. K., Adogame, A. U. (2012).? Religion, conflict, and democracy in modern Africa: The role of civil society in political engagement. Eugene, Or: Pickwick Publications. Top of Form Joseph, P. (2007).? American literary regionalism in a global age. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Bottom of Form

Gögn - 949 Words

Colin Drury, Management and Cost Accounting - Dumbellow Ltd Dumbellow Ltd Stan Brignall, Aston Business School The Board of Dumbellow Ltd are meeting on the 23rd January to discuss the draft budget for 2000/1, some two months before the start of that year. The company produces three industrial valves which are incorporated into equipment used in the Oil and Gas industry. The draft income statement is as follows: Product X  £k Sales 100k units at  £15 80k units at  £25 120k units at  £10 Materials Labour Overheads Profit/(Loss) 300 700 225 1225 275 400 800 360 1560 440 1500 2000 1200 480 750 330 1560 (360) 4700 1180 2250 915 4345 355 Product Y  £k Product Z  £k Total  £k The Board are unhappy with this planned outcome in two respects: they†¦show more content†¦I offered to help you look at your costs when I arrived last year, but when I proposed investigating the merits of Activity Based Costing you said you had no time to waste on such nonsense. You cant blame me for not consulting you! At this point Bob Berry, the Marketing manager, roused himself and smoothly announced, Theres no need for you two to bicker like this. I think the sales position would encourage us to lower the price of Z by  £1 per unit which I think would raise demand by 25%. If Arthur can save that  £1 per unit in variable production costs somehow, why dont we try that combination? Ben Kates, the Managing Director, now intervened. Id like to compare the effects of adopting Bobs suggestion versus Pauls. Arthur, would you also like to take a little time to think how best you might re-organise production so as to improve matters, and pass your thoughts to Paul for him to turn into financial figures. And, Paul, Id like you to try seeing what a simple 10% increase in sales and activity across the board would do, holding prices and everything else constant. After all, we have got a fair bit of spare capacity, havent we Arthur? The meeting broke-up at this point, having agreed to proceed on the lines set out by Ben Kates. Colin Drury, Management and Cost Accounting - Dumbellow Ltd à ­ là ­nu 4 à ¾Ãƒ ¡ The next day Arthur Mitchell phoned Pauls officeShow MoreRelatedNew Zealand : Indian And Pacific Plate Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesnatural and cultural environment. Some of the more major hazards that we could expect to see in New Zealand include ash falls, lava flows, lahars, and pyroclastic flows (others include electrical storms, volcanic gasses, tsunamis and earthquakes) ([1] gns science, 2010). The type, number, and severity of impacts of potential hazards varies between each volcano due to many factors. The likelihood of a hazard occurring may vary due to the observed behaviour of the volcano and geological readings. 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Merc Finance and Strategic Management (FSM) Copenhagen Business School Date 09/10/2008 Author: Irakli Menabde MSc Thesis: Valuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies Irakli Menabde Abstract The paper examines a number of empiricallyRead MoreMaggot Therapy5739 Words   |  23 Pagesfoot: ulcerations and amputations. In: Veves A, ed. Contemporary endocrinology: clinical management of diabetic neuropathy. Totowa: Humana Press; 1998, p. 273. 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet, 2007. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. http:// www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf. Accessed February 22, 2009. 7. Pechter EA, Sherman RA. Maggot therapy: the metamorphosis. Plast Reconstr

Welfare Fraud Essay - 1638 Words

Lisa D. Green Ms. Fahle English 112 15 Jul 2013 When Help Turns to Abuse I can remember the conversation as if it was yesterday. While in a grocery store walking in the grocery aisle, I overheard a woman talking to another woman and her husband. The part that caught my attention was the young lady saying, â€Å"I can get you the cheese, milk, and eggs with my WIC, and all you have to do is give me the money when we leave the store.† I knew this wasn’t right, so I made sure I was at the check-out counter to see if what I overheard was true. To my surprise, the young woman paid for things using a check like piece of paper and waited for the couple to leave the store. In the parking lot, I witnessed the young lady giving the†¦show more content†¦Families that want to better themselves will try to get off the program. Being undereducated and entering an under skilled workforce may cause more harm than good to the family. Realizing their children will grow up poor or in poor health they have no choice but to get back on the syste m. The main issue on this is at least they tried to make a go of it before they had to come back onto the program. Offering job training may be a way to help families on the program. It would give them a sense of pride in themselves and not the feeling of relying on the system for a chance to help their family. The training will get them off the program in two years with job training and the much needed education to have a well paying job. As far as Douglas Wolf, a research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis states, â€Å"Underreporting or completely failing to report earnings to a welfare agency is a way of welfare fraud† (The Dynamics of Welfare Fraud) (438). For the government to realize that some participants will this, then the system should have the right to monitor them. 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Accounting Risk & Insurance

Question: What is Risk Insurance?Explain Financial Statements on Insurers. Answer: Introduction In this assignment risk management will be analysed, the financial statements of the insurers and evaluating policies suitable for business. The course will focus upon Takaful insurance as a means of alternative to conventional insurance policy. In conventional insurance the risk is transferred to the insurance company i.e. insurer from the policy holder i.e. insured in relation to the premium paid. It has uncertainty associated i.e. gharrar as it is impressible by Islam (Yakob et al.). The loss and compensation are uncertain here as it is a form of gambling (maisir) as insurer is paying the amount i.e. premium. The funds are invested as bonds, securities etc. attracting fixed interest. It contains usury ( riba) that is prohibited in Islam. The profit generated belongs to the shareholders and the insured is not getting the payment after the policy period expires. Takaful is not sharing risk but, mutual cooperation is shared by individuals having same pool by having only takaful manager. The elements of gharrar, riba and maisir are eliminated by replacing it with conditional donations (tabarru) done for a good cause. The contribution is towards brotherhood in the spirit of purity (Neea) and investments are made into non-interest funds. At the end the surplus generated is returned proportionality as per the contribution made at the end of the accounting period (Archer, Abdel Karim and Nienhaus). 1. Evaluate Upon Risk Management on Its Importance Risk is a chosen probability action or process that leads to undesirable outcome and traditionally risk was associated with uncertainty of the events taking place in future. As stated by IFSB Chairman and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) risk is not associated with religion. Risk in Islam in divided into two aspects unique and generic risk whereas, generic risk is having credit, market, oprtational and liquidity risk. Alternatively, unique risk includes shariah non risk, equity investment and commercial risk. In Islamic industry the most close to Takaful industry is unique risk. Risk management in insurance is used in terms of pure risks that may be only restricted to insured risks (Dionne 147-166). So, when an insurer speaks about risk management it deals with finding the ways of improving or reducing the potential loss of risk that is being invited or on the verge of invitation. In terms of management from Islamic perspective the life of human being is organic with no differentiation in religions, secular and matters. They are guided by the principles of shariah as men are not responsible and accountable for their actions. The areas of Takaful insurance cover investment management, human resources and compliance. In Takaful industry it helps in identifying the Takaful operator losses and using the most appropriate for treating it effectively. They are observed by imposing conditions on them regarding outsourcing of the management funds for viewing its effectiveness by managing it effectively within risk management framework (Yusof, Lau and Osman 1). This is done along with Chief Risk Officer (CRO) liable for seeing the risks like operational risk by making it in compliance with Shariah. The role played by CRO is to identify the risk by taking integrated measures for it. The risk management by Shariah is a system to control and monitor the assessment of Shariah and in order to manage the risks various objectives are guiding Takaful insurance. They are: Having a achievable rate of return on investments if it is possible The continuity should be there for their going concern The safety of Takaful fund is necessary by safeguarding it unfortunate conditions To ensure that the fund generated is able to pay as per obligations and claims The risks associated with Takaful operators are of three types- financial, operational and business (Aris and Tapsir). 2. Explain Financial Statements on Insurers A financial statement is a formal record that contains the financial activities and positions in a business, entity or person. The information is presented in a systematic manner that is easy to understand thereby discussing and analyzing it effectively. The various kinds of financial statements in respect to insurers are: Balance Sheet It is also refereed as statement of financial position that contains the information about the organization liabilities, assets and owners equity at a specific time period. It represents the financial position at the end of financial quarters (Fraser and Ormiston). The advantages are: The amount of capital can be known by ascertain it in business The financials are disclosed by showing the assets and payment paid in terms of liabilities The liabilities and assets have to be compared by generating the progress in the business It discloses the property of owner in his interest In order to manage the business effectively various ratios have to be generated that have to be effective in nature The disadvantages are: The assets are not represented in their true form in balance sheet as historical cost is attached to it. This provides inaccurate reflection of the market value (Guthmann) The non-monetary use of assets is not considered such as honesty, skill, loyalty of workers and intelligence. The current assets provided are not on their estimated value so in balance sheet it is not representing its true financial position. Income Statement This is done in respect to specific time period of business that includes income and expenses with a time span. The information is generated on ROI, operating capabilities and financial flexibility. It includes two sections- non-operating and operating whereas, in operation section it contains expenses and revenues. Similarly, non-operating section has gains and revenues for non-primary business activities that consist of interest expense, finance costs and income tax expense. (Damant 10-18) The pros being: For investors it is god as it contains detail information that accounts to operational efficiency, operational, profits etc. It represents the profitability over a period by making the principal equivalent to expenses. It provides details on revenues like COGS, taxes, employee expenses gained from non-operating aspects. It includes accrued interest from various investments that is an ideal source for generating revenue. The cons being: It is including in fraud with earnings management to report intentionally to the managers in financial reporting (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi) It includes judgements are available but are not ,measured by having a subjective component Cash flow Statement It is statement that shows the operation of the organization affecting the cash in a financial year period. It contains the funds flow statement and cash statement. The advantages are: It is working like a filter for investors and analyst by judging on the fact whether the company is making the financial statements error free. The statements turn to be incorrect if the balance sheet with cash flow statement is incorrect. The original cash position for two balance sheet with dates with profit and loss and funds flow is not able to show so it is crucial to make cash flow report by knowing the liquidity status of the organization (Fridson and Alvarez) The projections formed are accurate in nature in respect to liquidity of position by arranging the shortfalls in money in form of arrangements in advance. Any extra amount on part of the organization it helps in earning additional amount. The disadvantages are: When isolated it is of no use but requires other financial statements help like profit and loss (PL account), balance sheet etc. This presents only cash portions so it is not possible to judge by only viewing PL account 3. Critical Assessment of Policies Applicable to Business The policies of insurance have to be governed by insurance agreement that is inclusive of conditions, definitions and exclusions. It is a declaration that contains the information about the risk that insurance companies have to abide by (Rejda). The declaration contains the information risk that is limited to activity, insured property of the insured, name of policyholder etc. The insurance agreement covers the indemnity loss taking into account all risks and perils based name. In the first page of the insurance the terms and information included are: Policy limits Insurance company Premium Name insured The kind of insurance Policy period Deductibles The conditions contain the clauses that are specific to the condition as per set standard with some exclusion like narrowing of responsibility in case of loss. Any changing taking place in the document at original risk has can be changed i.e. delete or additions can be made further in the form of endorsements (Merkin and McGee). The validity of the contract is dependent on both parties that can be for long period, short period or one year. It includes payment terms of the policy, cancellation etc. In some cases deductibles are mentioned by paying the amount that is dependent on lower the premium amount bigger is the deduction. The policies that govern a business are discussed below: Indemnity This provides financial compensation to the insured to be in the same place as before the loss occurred to gain the same financial position. The value of the insurance paid should be agreed beforehand as the insured does not make any profit (Gephart). The money provided is on the basis of valuation on the basis of two aspects: Replacement value is paying for the damages without deducting the depreciation that is serving restriction by maximum dollar amount as declared on the policy form. Original cash value is paying the same value that is equivalent to replacement cost of the damaged property but, deducting the depreciation Insurable Interest In insurance term interest represents financial relationship with an individual and as per insurable interest it is forming a legal relationship. It is a matter of insurance that provides them with the right by being in the relationship legally. In this policy various terms like leased by, care, owned by, control or custody, rented by is used for the effectiveness (Mehr and Cammack). It is applicable in varied case some of them being tour operator or auto loan. This is applicable in various insurance such as: Life insurance at the time of inception but is not needed in time of claim In property does not exists in claiming nut at the time of inception it is necessary Marine insurance at the time of claim or loss but is not applicable in time of inception Subrogation In insurance two parties are involved in the process insurer and insured whereas, in this the insurer is serving the right to recover the amount paid by i.e. indemnity. It includes recovering the money from third party who is involved in the damage. The process begins even before the claim is paid that is applicable only in case of a clause in being inserted (Rejda). It is done to insure ones own benefit against the third party and action taken by the insurers subrogation should be performed in the name of insured. Proximity Cause This principle of insurance states that insurers are liable to pay the claims that is causing losses due to insured perils and not by uninsured perils or expected losses. A loss that has occurred may be due to number of causes or a combined effect taking place. In claiming the insurance one dominant cause has to reflect for paying money as all cases might not attract compensation. Utmost Goof Faith When an individual is opting for the insurance policy it is the duty of the insurer to disclose all accurate and voluntary materials associated with it. It is done before signing by keeping good faith wherever needed and in order to be efficient physical risk assessment is undertaken (Merkin and McGee). This procedure appoints assessor who judge the risk better by understanding it for example- UAE motor of data sharing. The insurance contract may be breached if any misrepresentation and any non-disclosure of information take place. It includes hiding personal details like fever from childhood, intentional motive etc. Contribution This is related to the claim that applies between the insurers of double events where two or more policies are getting affected on behalf of the insurer getting the same interest by agreeing in sums of the agreed amount that is exceeds the indemnity allowed legally. The interest of both the parties should be same having the same problem by having a loss. The policies undertaken should cover the same matter and for this as proportionate amount needs to be paid by insurer occurring at the time of loss (Gephart). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that insurance and contract is dependent on both the parties entering into contract. The risk of the insurance companies on Takaful insurance has to be insured in response to the market. The insurance companies have to analyse the risk in relation to Takaful by checking the financial statement of the insurers. The insurance contract formed has some rules and regulations upon which it is set that is profitable to business. Thus, Takaful insurance used by the people have to be within the regulatory measures. References Archer, Simon, Rifaat Ahmed Abdel Karim, and Volker Nienhaus. Takaful Islamic Insurance. Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia) Ltd., 2009. Print. Aris, Nooraslinda Abdul and Roszana Tapsir. "RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF TAKAFUL INDUSTRY". JOURNAL OF GLOBAL BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 4.1 (2012): n. pag. Web. 21 May 2016. Damant, David. "The Revolution Ahead In Financial Reporting: A New World What The Income Statement Means To Financial Reporting". Balance Sheet 11.4 (2003): 10-18. Web. Dionne, Georges. "Risk Management: History, Definition, And Critique". Risk Management and Insurance Review 16.2 (2013): 147-166. Web. Fraser, Lyn M and Aileen Ormiston. Understanding Financial Statements. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Fridson, Martin S and Fernando Alvarez. Financial Statement Analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011. Print. Gephart, William F. Principles Of Insurance. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 2005. Print. Guthmann, Harry G. Analysis Of Financial Statements. 3rd ed. New York: Prentice-Hall, 2005. Print. Mehr, Robert Irwin and Emerson Cammack. Principles Of Insurance. 3rd ed. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin, 2005. Print. Merkin, Robert M and Andrew McGee. Insurance Contract Law. 3rd ed. London: Kluwer Pub., 2005. Print. Peterson Drake, Pamela and Frank J Fabozzi. Analysis Of Financial Statements. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2006. Print. Rejda, G. (2006). Principles of Risk Management and Insurance (9th ed.). Dorling Kindersley, India. Yakob, Rubayah et al. "Solvency Determinants Of Conventional Life Insurers And Takaful Operators". Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance 6.2 (2012): n. pag. Web. Yusof, Aida Yuzi, Wee-Yeap Lau, and Ahmad Farid Osman. "Risk-Based Capital Framework: Conventional Vs. Takaful Operators". jmr 7.2 (2015): 1. Web.

Selection of Sales Force Essay Example

Selection of Sales Force Essay The sales force is solely responsible for building the bottom line of an organization. It is the only department that brings in revenues amp; hence must be given due importance in the organizational structure. Selection of the sales force must be a careful process that ensures that top quality salesmen, who will exhibit motivation, a strong orientation towards results amp; loyalty to the company. Selection is the process of discovering the qualifications amp; characteristics of the job applicant in order to establish their likely suitability for the job position. A good selection requires a methodical approach to the problem of finding the best matched person for the job. The recruitment process consists of multiple phases. Sorting of Applicants: The available database of applicant resumes, which could be obtained through advertisements, referrals, open applications must initially be screened for the basic job requirements. The criteria for the job requirements could be based on the degree of experience, required technical knowledge, educational qualifications and capabilities that would be demanded by the job. This phase of the screening would be one of basic pattern matching of the requirements of the job with the available resume database. Interviews: The interviews could be conducted in phases as a preliminary amp; final interview, technical amp; HR interview or as a single interview to gauge all required skills of the applicant. Various types of interviews are available to gauge various skills of the applicant. The most common types of interview methods used are: * Behavioural Interviews * Situational Interviews * Patterned Interviews Behavioural Interviews: We will write a custom essay sample on Selection of Sales Force specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Selection of Sales Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Selection of Sales Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Questions ask applicants for specific examples from their past experiences of specific job-related issues Commonly used question format: â€Å"Tell me about a time when †¦. † Examples: For a sales position: â€Å"Tell me about your most difficult recent sale. What did you do? What happened? † If team leadership is essential to the job: â€Å"Tell me about a time when you were the leader of a team. What did you do? What happened? † If providing effective performance feedback is essential to the job: â€Å"Tell me about a time when you had to talk with a person about their poor performance. What did you do? What happened? † Each question has a scoring system to rate the applicant’s answers on numerical rating scales Use rubrics: For each question, write an example of what would be the: Best answer (e. g. , best answer = 5 points) Good answer (e. g. , good answer = 3 points) Bad answer (e. g. , bad answer = 1 point) To improve validity, use a panel of interviewers to evaluate each applicant’s interview Validity: good to great; this is usually our best choice of interview formats Situational Interviews 3 types of questions: Hypothetical: questions that describe a situation and ask what the applicant would do in that situation * Job-Knowledge: questions that ask applicants to define job-related terms, or explain a procedure, or demonstrate a skill * Job Requirements: questions that ask applicants about their willingness to comply with job requirements (e. g. , travel, shift-work, etc. ) Each question has a scoring system to rate the applicant’s a nswers on numerical rating scales To improve validity, use a panel of interviewers to evaluate each applicant’s interview Validity: Good Patterned Interview: Ask about education, work experiences, career goals, etc. Example questions: * Why did you pick your major? * What are your strengths and weaknesses? * What do you plan on doing 5 years from now? * Validity: moderate Having an interview â€Å"script† helps validity. Every applicant gets exactly the same questions. But the typical questions may not be all that helpful. What’s a good answer to â€Å"Why did you pick your major? † Psychological Selection Method A selection procedure measure the personality characteristics of applicants that are related to future job performance. Personality tests typically measure one or more of five personality dimensions: * Extroversion * Emotional stability * Agreeableness * Conscientiousness * Openness to experience Types of Psychological Tests * Aptitude tests : It refers to potentiality that a person has to profit from certain kind of training. * Achievement tests: It helps to measure the proficiency that a person has been able to achieve. Intelligence tests : It attempts to measure the intelligence—that is, basic ability to understand the world around you, assimilate its functioning, and apply this knowledge to enhance the quality of your life. Personality Inventories Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Validity: poor for selection purposes Might be okay, if carefully used, to help a team work better together Many psychologists who study personality today prefer a different measure of personali ty than the MBTI: * Big 5 Dimensions of Personality The Big 5 Personality Dimensions: â€Å"OCEAN† * Openness: curious, imaginative, variety of experiences * Conscientiousness: prudent, organized, thoughtful * Extraversion: sociable, outgoing * Agreeableness: cooperative, sympathetic, kind * Neuroticism: easy to anger, anxiety, depression Sometimes reverse-scored to get opposite of neuroticism: Adjustment: stable, calm, stress-tolerant Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) The test is designed to diagnose mental health issues. MMPI-2 has almost 600 questions (true/false/can’t say) Dimensions (scales) include: Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, Masculinity-Femininity, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, Hypomania, amp; Social Introversion It might be controversial to use for selection purposes. Validity for selection purposes is hard to summarize Cognitive Ability Tests might also be conducted to judge the mental ability, agility of the candidate as required by the Job Description. Medical Examinations, Work Sample Tests, Trainability tests might also be used to assess an applicant as per the requirements of the Job. Reference Checks: We should always carefully check the references of the finalists for the job before making a job offer. We could include the applicant’s former supervisors as references. But, some managers are reluctant to provide negative information about a former employee in a reference check They may only want to provide limited information such as the dates of employment and job title of the former employee. Sales Force Selection through Internal Sources Recruitment may be conducted internally through the promotion and transfer of existing personnel or through referrals, by current staff members, of friends and family members. Job posting refers to the practice of publicising an open job to employees (often by literally posting it on bulletin boards) and listing its attributes, such as criteria of knowledge, qualification, skill and experience. The purpose of posting vacancies is to bring to the attention of all interested persons (inside or out of the organisation) the jobs that are to be filled. Referrals are usually word-of-mouth advertisements that are a low-cost-per-hire way of recruiting. Advantages of internal sales force selection * The ability of the recruit is known so it is easy to assess potential for the next level. * â€Å"Insiders† know the organisation, its strengths and weaknesses, its culture and,most of all, its people * Internal recruitment is cheaper and quicker than advertising in various media and interviewing â€Å"outsiders† * Time spent in training and socialisation is also reduced. Disadvantages Difficult to find the â€Å"right† candidate within and the organisation may settle for an employee who possesses a less than ideal mix of competencies * Infighting, inbreeding, and a shortage of varied perspectives and interests may reduce organisational flexibility and growth, and resistance to change by those who have an interest in maintaining the status quo may present long term problems. * In times of rapid growth and during transit ions, the organisation may promote from within into managerial positions, regardless of the qualifications of incumbents. Selection from External Sources Internal recruitment does not always produce the number or quality of personnel needed. In such an instance, the organisation needs to recruit from external sources. This can be through encouraging walk-in applicants; advertising vacancies in newspapers, magazines and journals, and the visual and/or audio media; using employment agencies to â€Å"head hunt†; advertising on-line via the Internet; or through job fairs and the use of college recruitment. These methods have traditionally included newspaper/magazine/journal advertising, the use of employment agencies and executive search firms, and college recruitment. More often job/career fairs and e-Recruiting are reaching the job seeker market. Online Applications / Recruiting on the Internet Using the Internet is faster and cheaper than many traditional methods of recruiting. Jobs can be posted on Internet sites for a modest amount (less than in the print media), remain there for periods of thirty or sixty days or more at no additional cost and are available twenty-four hours a day. Candidates can view detailed information about the job and the organisation and then respond electronically. e-Recruiting Companies sometimes use specialised Job Sites that cater to specific industries. They could also enhance the Corporate Web Site as a tool to encourage potential job seekers to become interested in joining the company. Use of valid Search Engines helps sort candidates effectively, but will not discriminate against any persons or groups Another effective technique could be to create attention-grabbing newspaper advertisements that prompt people to visit the company’s website. They will then see all vacancies that are advertised; and encourage employees to e-mail job advertisements to friends. Job Fairs: The concept of a job fair is to bring those interested in finding a job into those companies who are searching for applicants. They are considered one of the most effective ways for job seekers to land jobs. Job fairs are open for a at which employers can exhibit the best their companies have to offer so that job seekers can make informed choices. Job Analysis of Various Companies LG India Tata Tele Services Google Area: Advertising Sales At Google, we organize ourselves and change around our users and customers. Googles Advertising Sales team embodies that pursuit: We are devoted to finding relevant solutions that meet our clients changing advertising needs. In that regard, Advertising Sales does more than simply make money for our company. Our efforts focus on ways that Google technology can and does enable the worlds largest advertisers to enjoy immediate and accountable communication with the consumer. Advertising Sales team members work hard to identify our clients business challenges, to collaboratively shape solutions that drive their strategic initiatives, and to keep them educated and informed of ways that current and future Google products can enhance their online and/ or offline presence. The role: Head of Media Sales, India and South East Asia You will spearhead our relationships with, among others, key consumer product and FMCG brand partners in India. You will evangelize branding opportunities on new media platforms and will be responsible for on-boarding leading brands and advertisers who have historically used conventional media channels. Additionally, you will be expected to drive advertising sales and branding opportunities through the Agency route, by partnering with them on media planning. You will develop a comprehensive agency policy that will include commissions, work flow methodology, agencys role in our ecosystem, training and upgrading their skill set and so on. Responsibilities: †¢ Work closely with the Google Direct sales and sales operations teams to optimize business opportunities and monitor channel complementarities. †¢ Evangelize 3rd-party executive teams about Googles advertising services, represent Google at industry events and effectively implement corporate initiatives to enhance 3rd-party activity. †¢ Contribute to the development of new systems/processes to increase efficiency of 3rd-party operators in Indian market.. †¢ Develop brand and agency business plans and set sales targets.. Close new business, grow existing business and work with the marketing team to direct the sales team’s focus through research, market analysis and collateral development. Requirements: †¢ BA/BS degree and MBA preferred or equivalent experience. †¢ At least 15 years of sales/marketing experience in media (offline and online), consumer products, FMCG. †¢ Experience with customer satisfaction measurement, custo mer segmentation analysis, advertising effectiveness research, and awareness amp; usage studies. Extremely strong customer-focused attitude. †¢ A proven track record of leading an advertising sales/ marketing organization or advertising/media association or executive level work experience in sales/ marketing at an FMCG/ consumer products organization. †¢ Knowledge of online advertising, ROI analysis amp; branding measurement; background supporting a global online advertising sales organization desirable. †¢ Ability to deliver results under pressure. HP Job Description Sales Business Development Manager – HP Software Education HP Software Education (HPSE) drives improved outcomes for our global clients through the development and deployment of market-leading education curriculum and delivery modalities. HPSE is part of the Professional Services Organisation (PSO) which is a global services organisation dedicated to delivering consulting, implementation and education services around the Business Technology Optimisation (BTO) and Information Management (IM) elements of the HP Software portfolio. As a BDM based within the India sub-region, you will bring deep contacts and enterprise IT Services amp; education sales expertise to lead education relationships within our key named accounts. Additionally you will cover the following outcomes †¢ Delivery of HP based training programs that produce desired business outcomes. Training plans, schedules, and delivery options †¢ Customised training programs for technical topics across the HP BTO portfolio †¢ Encourages participation and meets target audience needs to facilitate change management in client groups. Working with HP Software Sales Account management and Sales team in conjunction with PSO Client principles you will;- identify, qualify, shape, pursue and ultimately close multiple education opportunities. This expertise will have been gained by previous high levels of successful engagement with major clients across the India region. You will develop and maintain a consultative solution orientated approach, ocus efforts and resources on a few selected customers look for economies of scale and develop synergies in the engagement process to provide the right solution to the customer delivered by the engagement construct and commercial structure. You will structure pipeline and forecasts, target opportunities in key customers and define actions and align the right resources amp; programs to engage and pursue them through to closure. ? We want to hear from you if you can demonstrate aptitude for and/or evidence of: †¢ Strong relationships at C-Level (CEO, CFO, CIO, COO) with key-clients; Relationships within major accounts/resellers/distributors in India Sub Region at IT Management and C levels †¢ Business development (ability to identify/develop/qualify amp; manage to closure education opportunities) †¢ Business Management (ability to take a business led approach in engagement both internally and externally to define the optimal commercial structure for engagements including partners and HP resources) †¢ A breakthrough attitude Strong consultative approach (relationship amp; engagement skills): an ability to break out of conventional seller/ buyer relationship and build relationships that are better suited to long-term partnering and consultative advising †¢ Demonstrate a solid understanding of a clients business and how the education solutions fit within this picture as a total deployed s olution across the HP Software portfolio †¢ Selling skills (deal shaping, negotiation, closing): ability to effectively perform key sales tasks essential to â€Å"Winning† in the market place †¢ Strong level of professional skills amp; entrepreneurial attitude   †¢ Industry awareness and competency in Telco, Public Sector or Financial Services in India †¢ Good understanding of HP Solutions and their position within the marketplace. Minimum Qualifications †¢ Degree level qualification; (MBA Preferred) †¢ Must be fluent in English with excellent communication skills †¢ Relevant experience and track record in handling multiple opportunities   †¢ 7-8 years of IT services sales experience + †¢ Mandatory minimum of last 5 years of sales experience in selling software education services †¢ Demonstrated track record of success in carrying quota with education services and/or professional services consulting †¢ Should be willing to travel as per requirements †¢ Should be confident, self-motivated and target-oriented with positive attitude Role functions Identify, qualify leads amp; sales opportunities to develop business   †¢ Initiate, sustain amp; grow relationships within new and existing client base †¢ Develop new opportunities thru bundle amp; non-attach deals in conjunction with Software Sales team †¢ Ensure amp; leverage attachment to all Software amp; Services led engagements to follow solution offering framework (Software, Services amp; Education) †¢ Achieving personal amp; team goals by meeting quarterly sales and revenue targets †¢ Meet with business contacts on weekly/monthly basis and ensure a steady booking of orders throughout the year Airtel Naukri. com Analysis of Recruitment Process of Various Companies GE: About the Company: GE installed Indias first hydropower plant in 1902. Today, all of GEs global businesses have a presence in India. The company participates in a wide range of manufact uring, services and technology businesses in the country. It exports over $1 billion in products and services. Employment across India exceeds 12,000. GE is a diversified global infrastructure, finance and media company that is built to meet essential world needs. Job Analysis: Job Title : ECLP ( Experienced Commercial leadership program) Job Description : rotational leadership programs to implement sales process across businesses Man Specification : * An undergraduate degree in a relevant discipline * 4-6 years of marketing or sales experience in a relevant industry * MBA  is highly desirable * strong leadership * communication and analytical skills * geographic flexibility and mobility * fluent English as well as a second language Recruitment Process: Sources : Internal referrals, GE careers website Selection Process : ) Resume and telephone screen 2)  Corporate assessment centre 3)  Business interview and site visit where appropriate. Dominos About the Company: Dominos Pizza opened its first store in India in January 1996, at New Delhi. Today Dominos Pizza India has grown into a countrywide network of more than 300 stores with a team of over 9,000 people. According to the India Retail Report 2009, we were the largest Pizza chain in India and the fastest growing multinational fast food chain between 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 in terms of number of stores. Job Analysis: Job Title : Store Executives Job Description : 1. Execute the shift in the store as per the agreed plan. 2. Carry out Local sales marketing like door hanging, newspaper insertion, corporate calling etc. 3. To carry out staff meeting at periodic intervals amp; ensure motivation of the team. 4. Handling customer queries amp; staff concerns. Man Specification : B. H. M. / Diploma in Hotel Management with 0-1 year experience. Any Graduate with 1-2 years of experience in Retail. Recruitment Process: Sources : Advertisements in restaurants, local job centres, career fairs, website Selection Process : cv screening, interview(within 28 days of submitting if considered) Dr. Reddy’s Labs About the Company: Established in 1984, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (NYSE: RDY) is an emerging global pharmaceutical company. As a fully integrated pharmaceutical company, our purpose is to provide affordable and innovative medicines through our three core businesses:   * Pharmaceutical Services and Active Ingredients, comprising our Active Pharmaceuticals and Custom Pharmaceuticals businesses; * Global Generics, which includes branded and unbranded generics; and * Proprietary Products, which includes New Chemical Entities (NCEs), Differentiated Formulations, and Generic Biopharmaceuticals. Our products are marketed globally, with a focus on India, US, Europe and Russia. Dr. Reddy’s conducts NCE research in the areas of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular indications, anti-infectives and inflammation. Job Analysis Job Title : Medical Representative Job Description : Territory Analysis, Product Promotion, CRM, Business Development, Sales Target Achievement Man Specification :Required Education: Graduate (Science / Pharmacy preferred) with consistent record, plus MBA (desired). Experience: 1- 4 years Sales Experience Age not more than 27 years Recruitment Process Sources : Website, Referrals, Walk-in Interviews, Campus Selection Process : Campus : Case Study Analysis, Interview, Interview for others. TATA Croma About the Company: Croma is India’s first national, large format specialist retail chain for consumer electronics amp; durables. You can shop for 6000 products across eight categories in a world-class ambience. Croma is promoted by Infiniti Retail Ltd, a 100% subsidiary of Tata Sons. Woolworths, one of the world’s leading retailers, provides technical and strategic sourcing support, ensuring that you buy nothing but the best. Job Analysis Job Title : Laptop Sales Executives Job Description : Ensuring up to date knowledge and function of laptops. Giving excellent customer service. Understanding and keeping track of targets and achieving them. Man Specification :Fresh Gradutes Electical/ Electronical/ Computer Engineers Good communication skills. Good interpersonal skills. Ability to withstand pressure. Recruitment Process Sources : Website, Referrals, Walk-in Interviews, Newspaper Ads Selection Process : Interview

Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox

Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox Known for: known for her plotting on behalf of Roman Catholicism in England.  Ã‚  She was the  grandmother of James VI of Scotland who became James I of England, and the mother of James father, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley.. Margaret Douglas was the niece of Tudor King Henry VIII and granddaughter of Henry VII. Dates: October 8, 1515 - March 7, 1578 Heritage Margaret Douglas  mother was Margaret Tudor, daughter of Englands King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Margaret Tudor, named for her paternal grandmother,  Margaret Beaufort, was the widow of James IV of Scotland. Margaret Douglas father was Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus; the marriage of Margaret Tudor and Archibald Douglas in 1514, at first secret, was the second for each, and alienated many of the other Scottish nobles and threatened her supervision of her two sons by James IV, James V (1512-1542) and Alexander (1514-1515). Margaret Douglas, the only child of her mothers second marriage, was brought up with and was a lifelong friend to King Henry VIIIs daughter by Catherine of Aragon, Princess Mary, later Englands Queen Mary I. Scandalous Relations Margaret Douglas became engaged to Thomas Howard while she was a lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn, the second queen of Margarets uncle Henry VIII. Howard was sent to the Tower of London in 1537 for their unauthorized relationship, as Margaret was at that time next in line of succession, Henry VIII having declared illegitimate his daughters Mary and Elizabeth. Love poems she wrote to Thomas Howard were preserved in the Devonshire MS, now in the British Library. Margaret had reconciled with her uncle by 1539, when he asked her to greet his new bride Anne of Cleves on her arrival in England. In 1540, Margaret had an affair with Charles Howard, nephew of Thomas Howard and brother of Catherine Howard, the fifth queen of Henry VIII. But again Henry VIII reconciled with his niece, and Margaret was a witness to his sixth and final marriage, to Catherine Parr, who had known Margaret for many years. Marriage In 1544, Margaret Douglas married Matthew Stewart, the 4th Earl of Lennox, who was living in England. Their elder son, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, in 1565 married Mary, Queen of Scots, daughter of James V, Margaret Douglas half-brother. The Stewart (Stuart) name for a later line of kings of England and Scotland comes from Margaret Douglas second husband through the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley. Plotting Against Elizabeth After Marys death and the succession of Protestant Queen Elizabeth I in 1558, Margaret Douglas retired to Yorkshire, where she became involved with Roman Catholic plotting. In 1566 Elizabeth had Lady Lennox sent to the Tower. Margaret Douglas was released after her son, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, was murdered in 1567. In 1570-71, Matthew Stewart, Margarets husband, became Regent in Scotland; he was assassinated in 1571. Margaret was again imprisoned in 1574 when her younger son Charles married without royal permission; she was pardoned in 1577 after he died. She briefly helped care for the daughter of Charles, Arbella Stuart. Death and Legacy Margaret Douglas died only a year after she was released. Queen Elizabeth I gave her a large funeral. Her effigy lies in Westminster Abbey, where her son Charles is also buried. The grandson of Margaret Douglas, James, who was the son of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and of Mary, Queen of Scots, became King James VI of Scotland and, at the death of Elizabeth I, was crowned King James I of England. He was the first Stewart king.

Marketing part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing part 1 - Essay Example It also has flights that carry luggage over a short distance especially when dealing with perishable goods. The market segment of Qantas airline is divided into two: The domestic segmentation and the international segmentation. The international segmentation of the company aims at reaching customers all over the world. The main targeted customers are people who travel overseas country for business trips or vacations. It targets international travelers who are the major target of the company. Such include business people and individuals who love travelling across the globe. The second target is the domestic segment which involves offering airline services to people within the country. The services are offered to people who travel over various areas in the country and people travelling for vacations. Qantas has lowered the prices of this segment making it accessible for the local people. The travels involve short hours, unlike the international travels. The features of the airline do not offer many services because they operate at short hours with a maximum of 3 hours. The company provides a wide selection of services which it offers to its customers. The company offers comfortable and reliable flights to its customers especially in the long-hour flights. The company is diverse and offers both domestic and international aviation services to its customers making it more competitive in the market share. It can meet the need of both the local people and international travelers something that a number of airlines in Australia have not been able to offer. The company also has a strong backbone that supports its activities. The fiscal position of the company is stable enough to support all of its operations. It also uses the most recent technology to make its services more convenient and of quality. The company also has a good technical support which ensures