Mandatory Assessment is not the Same as Mandatory Mediation, but Both Essay

Mandatory Assessment is not the Same as Mandatory Mediation, but Both Concepts Undermine the Family Mediation Process - Essay Example In family law, mandatory mediation can be defined as a situation whereby couples are instructed by a court to resolve a dispute by attending meetings with a mediator..The essence of the meetings is to help couple to reach a compromise deal on the disputed issue. Court mandated mediation is envisaged to be a facilitated negotiation by the aggrieved parties through a mediator to unravel the underlying issues and possibly reach a fair settlement. In the United Kingdom, mandatory mediation can either be categorical or discretionary. Categorical mandatory mediation refers to cases whereby statutes provide that certain cases must undergo Alternative Dispute Resolution while discretionary mediation refers to cases where the presiding judge decides the cases the should undergo mediation. On the other hand, mandatory assessment is the continuous process of gathering information from various sources to help evaluate the most appropriate strategies for achieving the well being of the child and safety. The process of mandatory assessment involves a court appointed assessor who is required to work with the concerned family to assess the conditions on the ground. The assessor can also seek information from other sources deemed necessary and after the evaluation, the final report given to the court is critical in reaching the final judgment. Although mandatory assessment and mandatory mediation are different, both are compulsory dispute resolution modes aided by a third party. The report analyzes the impacts of the mandatory assessment and mandatory mediation in the context of family law. After evaluation of these effects, it is clear that these processes undermine the family mediation process instead of helping in the dispute resolution. Particularly, these concepts go against the fundamental principal of voluntary resolution of disputes and are also counterproductive especially in issues involving domestic violence. From this perspective, these mandatory processes may actua lly introduce new complications in the justice system on top of those already caused by the traditional system. Non Voluntary Nature The principal argument against mandatory assessment and mandatory mediation is that they impinge on the right to self determination. Mediation is a voluntary decision making process and every individual has the right to self determination. Hence the term â€Å"mandatory mediation† is itself oxymoronic. Coercion into mediation leads into serious reservations concerning the mediation process itself and its outcome. It has been argued that if couples are coerced into mediation, then there is a high probability that they may be coerced within the mediation itself1. She further opines that the preceding stages to mediation are a determinant of the direction that the mediation will take. Once a couple has entered into the mandatory mediation process, there is a high expectation placed upon them to reach an agreement. According to Hayes, the heavy expe ctation to reach an agreement may alter the meaning of mediation to the aggrieved parties. In the seminal cased Halsey v. Milton Keynes., [2009] EWCA 15, [2009]2, the court decided that â€Å" to oblige truly unwilling parties to refer their disputes to mediation would be to impose an unacceptable obstruction on their right of access to courts.† This court ruling shows that indeed there is a great controversy over the implementation of mandatory mediati

Image Processing :: OCR Captcha Facial Recognition

Abstract This paper is about a selected few image processing applications. Optical Character Recognition is the translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-editable text. Then I have introduced the captcha that we so frequently encounter in common websites. An algorithm trying to solve or break a captcha has been explained. Face detection is a growing and an important tool in security these days. It must be applied before face recognition. There are many methods for recognizing faces and a few of them are discussed in the paper. Contents Topic Pg No Image Processing Optical character recognition Captcha Braking Captcha Face Detection Algorithm for Face Detection References Image processing Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. Typical Operations Among many other image processing operations are: ï‚ § Geometric transformation such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation ï‚ § Color corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, quantization, or conversion to a different color space ï‚ § Digital compositing or optical compositing (combination of two or more images). ï‚ § Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a raw image format. ï‚ § Image editing (e.g., to increase the quality of a digital image) ï‚ § Image differencing (to determine changes between images) ï‚ § Image registration (alignment of two or more images) ï‚ § Image stabilization ï‚ § Image segmentation(partitioning a digital image into multiple regions) ï‚ § Extending dynamic range by combining differently exposed images ï‚ § 2-D object recognition with affine invariance Optical character recognition Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. Though academic research in the field continues, the focus on OCR has shifted to implementation of proven techniques. Optical character recognition (using optical techniques such as mirrors and lenses) and digital character recognition (using scanners and computer algorithms) were originally considered separate fields. Because very few applications survive that use true optical techniques, the OCR term has now been broadened to include digital image processing as well. Early systems required training (the provision of known samples of each character) to read a specific font. "Intelligent" systems with a high degree of recognition accuracy for most fonts are now common.

Mrsa

Staphylococcus erasures is a coagulate positive bacterium, and is among those that are dangerous unman pathogen because it has the ability to both be extremely virulent and its ability to develop antibiotic resistance, (Beers, 1442). This leads to the explanation of Nonmetallic-Resistant Staphylococcus erasures. The particular pathogen is cross-resistant to all Beta-lactates, Including all penicillin and cosponsoring (Beers, 229). As of late there have been two different way that MRS. has been classified.The first CA-MRS., Is community acquired MRS., and HA-MRS. healthcare acquired MRS. (Gregory, 230). Both cause skin and soft tissue Infections, which Include abscess, furnaces, and bolls. Most patients do not even notice the site t first claiming they thought it was a spider bite and leave it untreated for an extended length of time (Gregory, 232). Transmission of the bacteria occurs through close contact with someone who is already infected with the organism (Gregory, 233).Surprisin gly the organism can be found in the nose and skin of 20-30% of healthy adults, according to The Merck Research Laboratories (Broker, 873). According to the CDC, 85% of all invasive MRS. infections are associated with hospital stays. However many hospitals are trying to combat the extremely high communicable rate at which this â€Å"Super Bug† is breading, with the use of â€Å"Contact Precautions† (Gregory, 244). Identification of an Infection occurs wealth 48-72 hours of a culture (Gregory, 239).After a patient Is determined to have MRS., each visitor, nurse, doctor etc. That enters that patients room must wear a disposable gown and gloves, and then must take of these items before exiting the room. Hospitals hope that this will limit the spread of MRS. among its patients. So far there are have been two types of antibiotic that will treat or kill MRS.. Vaccines has been shown to kill the organism, while Thermopile- collateralizes inhibits its ability to multiply (Brok er, 874).

Media Invasion of Privacy - 5852 Words

LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTISE (MAC 854) LECTURER: DR. JIMI KAYODE TITLE: MEDIA AND THE INVASION OF PRIVACY BY AKANDE ADEFEYISAYO ADEBOLARINWA †¢ SUBMITTED ON 30th JANUARY, 2010 INTRODUCTION Media practitioners possess the function of gathering, processing and disseminating news item to a heterogeneous large audience which often times not done with sound moral judgement in mind lands them into pool of troubled waters. Celebrities, politicians and other sought-after sources of news have over time expressed justifiable anguish over†¦show more content†¦Although crimes such as rape are newsworthy and newsworthiness is a defence to a private facts suit, not all courts have agreed that the identity of a rape victim is newsworthy. Apart from news story either in the broadcast or in the print medium, photography has also been observed as posing some inimitable problems in privacy law, broadly, the legal analysis for invasion of privacy through images parallels the analysis for invasions through words. Essentially, the scope of this study is simply to analysis the fundamental nature of privacy laws, the various types that a mass media practitioner can run afoul of in the course of his or her duty and its implication for the society as a whole. Emergence of Privacy Laws: Concerns about intrusive newspaper reporting were mainly the beginning of the law of privacy. At that time, metropolitan daily newspapers used a variety of sensational information to attract potential readers. Media practitioners often played out the lives of the affluent and famous on the pages of their newspaper, permitting their readers to vicariously enjoy the wealth and the status of the celebrity. It was the kind of journalism now commonly referred to as â€Å"yellow journalism† that drove two Boston lawyers, Samuel D. Warren and Louis Brandeis to use the pages of the Harvard Law Review to recommend an officially documented right to privacy titled â€Å"The Right to Privacy† in 1890. Thus, their enterprise can beShow MoreRelatedThe Invasion Of Privacy On Social Media1800 Words   |  8 PagesIn this digital era, one of the biggest threat for an individual is the invasion of privacy on social media. By social media, I am referring to the interaction and sharing of information on the Internet in order to stay connected with friends, family and business associates. 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